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Strengthening India's Naval Power: Project 75(I)

India's ambitious Project 75(I) is set to revolutionise its naval capabilities with the production of six advanced Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) submarines for an estimated ₹70,000 crore. These Type 214-based submarines promise significant enhancements in endurance and stealth across the Indo-Pacific region, bolstering India’s maritime strength.



So, what sets the P75(I) apart? The integration of AIP fuel cells allows these submarines to remain submerged for up to three weeks, far surpassing the 2-3 days typical of traditional diesel-electric boats. With enhanced stealth features, these submarines will be quieter and more challenging to detect, making them deadlier assets in any naval confrontation.

The strategic partnership between Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) and ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS) goes beyond mere procurement. It emphasises technology transfer, local manufacturing, and lifecycle support, paving the way for India to emerge as a global submarine hub.


Currently, India operates 18 submarines, compared to China’s 66 and Pakistan’s 14 (with more on order). This disparity highlights the urgent need for the P75(I) program to maintain a balance in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) as maritime pressures continue to mount.


The weeks-long endurance of AIP-equipped submarines enables continuous monitoring of crucial Sea Lines of Communication (SLOCs) from the Gulf of Aden to the Strait of Malacca, crucial for countering China’s expanding submarine fleet.


With competitive advantages like lower acoustic signatures and mature sensors and weapons integration, the P75(I) will outclass Pakistan’s Hangor-class submarines upon entering service.


Commercial negotiations began in September 2025, with a target to finalise contracts by Spring 2026, and the first submarine expected to launch around 2029. As both China and Pakistan expand their naval fleets, the P75(I) will play a vital role in securing India's undersea dominance in the region. India’s naval future looks increasingly formidable, and Project 75(I) is a significant leap towards achieving maritime security and operational effectiveness.
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